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The Mexican-American War

The Mexican-American War saw the U.S. and Mexico fight over Texas between 1846 and 1848, leading to significant territorial changes and setting the stage for future conflicts.

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The Dawes Act 1887

The Dawes Act of 1887 empowered the federal government to divide Indigenous lands into plots, leading to the displacement of thousands and the loss of Indigenous sovereignty.

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FDR’S First 100 Days

Franklin D. Roosevelt's first one hundred days as President redefined presidential action, with major legislation and executive orders aimed at combating the economic impact of the Great Depression.

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World War II and the Homefront

During World War II, Americans at home supported the war effort through rationing, Victory Gardens, and joining defense corps, showcasing national unity and sacrifice.

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The United Nations

From its roots in the Atlantic Charter to today's global efforts, the United Nations strives to prevent wars and aid the displaced, building on past lessons to maintain international peace.

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We explore Elbridge Gerry's pivotal role as a signer of the Declaration of Independence and his early contributions to the founding of the United States.

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Voting is a crucial process in schools, communities and democratic countries, empowering citizens to make collective decisions in a fair and free way.

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Goods and Services

Goods and services fuel the economy by meeting people’s wants and needs through purchases and trades.

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Mapping the World

Flattening round objects, like the Earth, will always cause distortion, so mapmakers have come up with ingenious solutions to reduce distortion and help us get from A to B.

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Restoring the Union

After the Civil War, the U.S. government began the process of readmitting rebellious states. In this video, learn about how Congress came to implement the Reconstruction Act.

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The Berlin Airlift

The Berlin Airlift of 1948-49 overcame the Soviet blockade of Allied-controlled West Berlin and demonstrated that democratic nations could combat the spread of Communism by working together.

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African Americans and Indigenous Peoples in the U.S. Civil War

The American Civil War wasn’t just a fight between North and South, it also involved Indigenous Peoples and African Americans, whose motivations for joining the fight had contrasting results.

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In the summer of 1919, racial tensions erupted into violence across the United States, as African American veterans and communities stood up against racial oppression to fight for fairness and justice.

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Women in the Civil War

During the American Civil War, women defied gender norms by managing homesteads, serving as nurses, and even spying, significantly impacting the war's course.

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Money helps people, businesses and countries to buy what they want and need. In this video, learn about how money is used, and why it is important.

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Women in the Revolutionary War

Women in the Revolutionary War did more than manage the homefront – they spied, wrote influential works, and fought for future rights.

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The Federal Government

The U.S. federal government is responsible for looking after the wants and needs of the country as a whole. It may be based in Washington, DC, but its influence is felt right across the nation.

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The Life of George Washington

George Washington helped the United States to win its independence from Great Britain, and as the country’s first President, he set precedents that still guide the office today.

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American Women in the World Wars

During World War I and II, American women stepped beyond traditional roles, contributing as cryptologists, mechanics, and even pilots, playing a crucial role in securing Allied victories.

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World War II in the Pacific

During World War II, Imperial Japan aimed to expand territorially in the Pacific, leading to a titanic clash with the United States and other Allied powers for control of the region.

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The Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine marked a pivotal shift in U.S. foreign policy, empowering Greece and Turkey to resist Communism and setting a precedent for America's role as a global defender of democracy.

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Workers’ Rights: Farmers

In the mid-1900s, Mexican and Filipino farm hands united to form one of the strongest unions in U.S. history, marking a significant step forward for workers’ rights.

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What is an Incentive?

Incentives like treats and rewards motivate us in school, at home, and in sports, pushing us to achieve our goals.

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The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was a covert network of paths and safe houses that helped around 100,000 enslaved individuals escape slavery in the United States.

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The Pioneers of Women's Suffrage

In 1919, women in the United States were finally given the right to vote, thanks to the pioneering efforts of suffragists like Harriet Forten Purvis, Susan B. Anthony, and Alice Paul.

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Urban, Suburban, and Rural Communities

Urban, suburban, and rural communities have many differences and similarities, impacting how people live, work and travel.

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The Atlantic Charter

In August 1941, two years into World War II, American President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill created the Atlantic Charter, setting out their vision for post-war peace.

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The Past, Present, and Future

Knowing what the past, present, and future are helps young people understand how things always change with time, including themselves.

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What is Humility?

Humility is a civic virtue that helps to make our communities fairer, happier and stronger for everyone. Learn what humility means, what it looks like and how you can show humility too.

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Making a Choice

Everyday, people have to make choices. Understanding what’s important, and how to make decisions, teaches critical-thinking and problem-solving skills.

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The Second Red Scare

In the 1940s and 50s, Americans feared Communists had infiltrated the government, leading to a nationwide panic and re-evaluation about the balance between security and civil liberties.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis

In 1962, the United States discovered that the Soviets had installed nuclear warheads in Cuba, sparking an international crisis that impacted millions and was resolved through diplomacy.

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The Bay of Pigs Invasion

The Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961, led by CIA-backed Cuban exiles, was a failed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro’s Communist regime, marking a pivotal moment in U.S.-Cuba relations.

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Rights and Responsibilities

In a the United States, individual rights are protected by the Constitution, and are balanced with responsibilities that help society work together as a team.

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The Treaty of Paris 1898

The 1898 Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the Spanish-American War, marked the United States’ emergence as a global power, extending its influence into the Pacific and beyond.

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Black Rights and Reconstruction

After the Civil War, around 3.5 million African Americans were freed from slavery, but it was only through Black agency that they achieved the full rights of citizenship.

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The sinking of the RMS Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915, and the United States’ firm response, demonstrated America's readiness to end its isolationism to defend innocent lives.

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The Rise of Manufacturing

Between the 1700s and the 1900s, the United States transitioned from an agricultural society into an industrial powerhouse, driven by innovations like the steam engine and the cotton gin.

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Isolationism and the Rise of Facism

In the early 20th century, as fascist regimes emerged across Europe and beyond, the United States adopted a policy of isolationism to protect American lives and economic interests.

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The Freedmen’s Bureau

During the Reconstruction era, the Freedmen's Bureau helped almost 4 million freed African Americans to integrate into Southern society through education, legal rights, and economic support.

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Ordering Events

Time measures how long events last. By dividing time into units such as seconds, minutes, and hours, children can more easily understand when things occur.

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The Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I, but was not ratified by the U.S. Congress, leading to significant future implications for American foreign policy.

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Lincoln's Stance on Slavery

Abraham Lincoln is known as the Great Emancipator, but he did not always believe that enslaved people should be free, as his evolving political speeches reveal.

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The League of Nations

Following World War I, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson championed the League of Nations, setting the stage for the eventual creation of the United Nations to prevent future conflicts.

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The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 maintained the delicate balance of power between free and slave states, but ultimately led to a growing divide between North and South.

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The Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation, an Executive Order issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863, shifted the focus of the Civil War to preserve the Union and end slavery in rebellious states.

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The Purchase of Alaska

In 1867, the United States acquired Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. While the US expanded its territory, the acquisition radically altered the lives of the indigenous people who inhabited Alaska for millennia.

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In 1848, James W. Marshall's discovery of gold in California ignited a massive migration, shaping the state's future and impacting its landscape and Indigenous population.

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The Rise of Populism

In the late 1800s, farmers in the United States formed the Populist Party to challenge Big Business and promote the interests of farmers and working class people, reshaping the political landscape for generations.

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The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

Following the American Civil War, Andrew Johnson became the first U.S. President to be impeached, after clashing with Congress over his approach to Reconstruction.

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Civil War: Terms of Surrender

In 1865, a definitive Confederate defeat led to surrender terms crafted by Generals Lee and Grant, ending the Civil War and setting the stage for Reconstruction.

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Integrity is the ability to always do the right thing, even when no-one is watching. Wilma Mankiller exemplified integrity as the Cherokee Nation's first female Chief by always putting her people first.

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From earning money by washing cars, to volunteering in a community garden, working helps us to learn new skills and improve our communities.

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What is Scarcity?

Scarcity occurs when there isn't enough of something for everyone. It’s a common part of life but it teaches kids to make smart choices.

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Originally founded to support working-class interests, New York’s Tammany Hall became notorious for political corruption and greed, influencing key reforms in American governance.

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Causes of the Spanish-American War

Between 1895 and 1898, as Cuban revolutionaries fought for independence, a number of social, economic and political factors drove the United States and Spain to the brink of war.

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The Economic Impact of the Civil War

In the aftermath of the American Civil War, the United States faced a range of economic challenges, from rising inflation to integrating freed African-Americans into the workforce.

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Water is essential for life on Earth. Why is it so important and where does it come from? Let's find out.

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The Twenty Sixth Amendment, ratified in 1971, enfranchised millions by lowering the voting age to 18, recognizing young Americans' roles in democracy and war.

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We explore the life of Oliver Wolcott, a Connecticut patriot, Continental Congress member, militia leader, and Governor during America’s early years.

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Minute-by-Minute

Follow the tragic events of April 14, 1865, as President Abraham Lincoln and Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth's journey toward their fateful meeting at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.

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Behind the Curtain

In 1865, Ford’s Theatre became the scene of a historic tragedy – the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. But this was no spontaneous act of violence – it was the grisly climax of a conspiracy against the Union.

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On April 14th, 1865, with the United States in the grips of civil war, two men went about their business in Washington, D.C. – one the President of the United States, the other his would-be assailant.

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In the wake of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, the largest manhunt in American history took place, as Secretary of War Edwin Stanton coordinated efforts to locate John Wilkes Booth.

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A Nation Mourns

In the hours, days and weeks after Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, the nation descended into mourning, with Lincoln’s funeral and Ford’s Theatre becoming the focus of national grief.

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In 1865, conspirators involved in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln were apprehended and put on trial in a military tribunal that sparked significant debates over the nature of American justice.

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A Lasting Legacy

The assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865 had long-term impacts on American politics, civil rights, and Ford’s Theatre itself, now a living monument dedicated to Lincoln's legacy.

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Jake Flack, Deputy Director of Education at Ford's Theatre, is joined by Educator, Dr. Giani Clarkson, to explore how place call tell the story of a pivotal moment or moments, making historical events tangible, personal, and more engaging for students.

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The Power of Oratory

Victoria Reinsel, Master Teaching Artist at Ford’s Theatre, presents the Four-Part Framework—speech analysis, public speaking, writing and editing, and civic engagement—enhanced by powerful tools like Podium Points, Warm and Cool Feedback, the Rhetorical Triangle, and the Actor’s Approach.

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Memorialization

Jake Flack, Deputy Director of Education at Ford's Theatre, is joined by Educator, Angelo Parodi to explore how memorials and memorialization can be powerful tools in the classroom.

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A promotional film exploring Lincoln's assassination and legacy through a two-part ClassSpark course, featuring expert insights and actionable teaching strategies.

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The Nineteenth Amendment prohibits the federal or state governments from denying U.S. citizens the right to vote on account of sex, marking a pivotal step forward for American democracy.

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Ratified in 1913, the Seventeenth Amendment shifted Senate elections to popular vote, reducing state control and strengthening democracy by making Senators directly accountable to the people.

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Truman and MacArthur

During the Korean War, General Douglas MacArthur’s decision to invade North Korea led to a clash with President Harry S.Truman that helped define the conflict’s outcome.

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We explore the life of James Madison, the "Father of the Constitution," and his pivotal role in shaping American democracy.

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We explore Thomas Lynch Jr.'s brief but impactful life as a signer of the Declaration of Independence and his contributions to the founding of the United States.

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We explore the life of Thomas Nelson Jr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a pivotal leader in Virginia’s fight for independence.

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1861-1888: Revolution and Reform Across Continents

From the Taiping Rebellion to the American Civil War, the mid- to late-1800s marked a pivotal chapter in global history, as peoples rose up to achieve independence and equality.

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Loving v. Virginia

In 1967, Richard Loving and Mildred Jeter challenged Virginia's anti-miscegenation law, leading to a Supreme Court decision that ended bans on interracial marriage across the United States.

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The Roosevelt Corollary

The Roosevelt Corollary, a significant shift in American foreign policy, established the United States as the “policeman” of the Western Hemisphere, but led to animosity with Latin America.

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Citizens United v. FEC

In 2010, the Supreme Court ruled in Citizens United v. FEC that prevention of independent political spending violated the First Amendment, reshaping American elections and campaign finance.

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We explore the life of George Mason, a defiant Virginian who shaped the foundations of American liberty but refused to sign the U.S. Constitution. A champion of individual rights, Mason authored the Virginia Declaration of Rights which inspired the Declaration of Rights and the U.S. Bill of Rights.

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Benjamin Harrison

We explore the life of Benjamin Harrison, a wealthy Virginian planter and steadfast patriot who signed the Declaration of Independence and served as a governor during wartime.

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Hugh Williamson

We explore the life of Hugh Williamson, a scholar-turned-physician who served as a surgeon-general during the Revolutionary War and later became a key political figure in North Carolina. He signed the U.S. Constitution before serving two terms in the first U.S. Congress.

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We explore the life of Abraham Clark, a self-taught lawyer from New Jersey and a staunch advocate for independence and democracy. Clark signed the Declaration of Independence and spent much of his political career fighting for the rights of ordinary citizens.

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Benjamin Franklin

We explore the life of Benjamin Franklin, a printer, inventor, and diplomat whose wit, scientific curiosity, and political influence helped shape the birth of the United States. He was part of the team who negotiated the Treaty of Paris and signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

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Edmund Randolph

We explore the life of Edmund Randolph, a Virginian statesman who rose quickly during the Revolutionary era and played a key role in shaping the U.S. Constitution. Though he introduced the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention, Randolph ultimately refused to sign the final document—only to later support its ratification and serve as the nation’s first Attorney General and second Secretary of State.

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We explore the life of John Adams, the combative and principled Massachusetts lawyer who helped ignite the American Revolution and shape the foundation of a new nation. From drafting the Declaration of Independence to serving as the second President of the United States.

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We explore the life of James Wilson, a brilliant legal mind and political theorist who helped shape the foundations of the United States. From signing both the Declaration and the Constitution to serving on the first Supreme Court.

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We explore Nicolas Gilman's journey from a young store worker to a key figure in America's fight for independence and the framing of the Constitution.

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The Selma to Montgomery March

The 1965 Selma to Montgomery March highlighted racial injustices in the United States and spurred significant civil rights legislation, including the pivotal Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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The March on Washington

In 1963, more than 250,000 people took part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the largest single protest in American history, advocating for a Civil Rights Act to end racial discrimination.

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The Korean War, fought between 1950 to 1953, reflected Cold War tensions between East and West, as the forces of Communism and Democracy battled for global supremacy.

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Jared Ingersoll

We explore the life of Jared Ingersoll, a lawyer and quiet but influential Founding Father who signed the Constitution, championed Federalist principles, and helped shape early American law through both politics and the Supreme Court.

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We explore Thomas Mifflin’s journey from Philadelphia merchant to soldier, political delegate, and Pennsylvania’s first governor, helping to shape America’s future.

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We explore Rufus King's journey from soldier to senator, his role at the Constitutional Convention, and his fight against slavery.

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

In 1948, amidst the echoes of World War II, nations united to proclaim the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, codifying freedoms for all humanity.

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We explore the life of George Read, a cautious revolutionary and skilled statesman who played a critical role in shaping both Delaware and the United States.

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William Samuel Johnson

We explore how William Samuel Johnson helped shape America, supported important compromises, signed the Constitution, and proudly led Columbia College.

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The Twenty Fifth Amendment outlines the mechanisms of presidential succession, providing the United States with clarity and continuity of governance in times of need.

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A timeline of the pivotal events of World War I, from the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Thomas Fitzsimons

We explore the life of Thomas Fitzsimons, an Irish immigrant who helped fight for independence, signed the Constitution, and supported education.

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Gouverneur Morris

We explore Gouverneur Morris’s adventurous life as a Constitution writer, political leader, and defender of freedom and unity.

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Nathaniel Gorham

We explore the life of Nathaniel Gorham, a Massachusetts merchant and politician who played a key role in the Constitution.

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Charles Cotesworth Pinckney

We explore Charles Cotesworth Pinckney’s adventurous life as a soldier, leader, Constitution signer, and champion of early American government.

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In 1789, the Twenty Seventh Amendment was proposed to regulate congressional pay raises, but it took more than 200 years, and a groundbreaking student's essay, to finally secure its ratification.

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The Twenty-Fourth Amendment ended poll taxes in federal elections, removing a major barrier for Black and low-income voters, and paved the way for the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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Charles Pinckney

We explore the remarkable life of Charles Pinckney, a youthful leader, Constitution drafter, governor, and advocate for more equitable voting rights.

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We explore Button Gwinnett’s rise from failed businessman to political leader, his role in independence, and his tragic death after a duel.

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The Great Depression

The Wall Street Crash of 1929 plunged the United States into the Great Depression, an economic crisis that impacted millions and forced the government to implement new reforms.

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George Washington

We trace George Washington’s path from surveyor to commander-in-chief, examine his pivotal role in the Constitutional Convention, and reflect on his leadership as the nation's first president.

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Civil Rights Leaders

The men and women who led the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and ‘60s put their lives and liberty on the line to expose unjust laws and advocate for the prohibition of racial discrimination.

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Global Shifts During the Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution reshaped economies and societies worldwide, kickstarting a new era of colonialism from which the United States emerged as a global powerhouse.

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John Langdon Jr

We explore the life of John Langdon, a courageous merchant, soldier, and statesman, who played a vital role in shaping America by signing the Constitution and later serving as Governor.

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Alexander Hamilton

We explore the journey of Alexander Hamilton from his early life in the Caribbean to an influential figure in the American Revolution. A founding father who helped draft the constitution and establish the nations financial system.

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We explore William Paca’s journey from lawyer to patriot, signer of the Declaration, Maryland Governor, and influential U.S. Judge.

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We explore the life of George Clymer, a dedicated patriot, financier, and statesman, who helped shape America by signing both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

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Philip Livingston

We explore the life of Philip Livingston, a dedicated patriot, influential New York politician, and signer of the Declaration of Independenc, whose unwavering commitment to the American cause came at great personal cost.

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We explore Robert Morris’s ascent as a financial powerhouse, his pivotal role in funding the American Revolution, his foundational contributions to early American banking, and the dramatic fall that led to his bankruptcy.

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We explore the remarkable life of James McHenry, an Irish immigrant who rose to prominence as a military surgeon, influential politician, and Secretary of War, leaving a lasting mark on American history.

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Johnathan Dayton

We explore the life of Jonathan Dayton, a soldier, statesman, and the youngest signer of the Constitution, who helped shape early America through his service in Congress and as Speaker of the House.

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William Livingston

We explore the life of William Livingston, a passionate writer, patriot, and New Jersey’s first elected governor, who helped shape America by signing the Constitution and leading through the Revolutionary War.

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Muckrakers: Pioneering Investigative Journalists

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, investigative journalists like Ida B. Wells and Upton Sinclair exposed crime and corruption at the heart of American society, earning the nickname Muckrakers.

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On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, initiating a space race that led to unprecedented explorations and international treaties, culminating with the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969.

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Edward Rutledge

We explore Edward Rutledge’s journey from elite lawyer to a Revolutionary leader, his military service, political career, and role in American independence.

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Course Overview

A short introduction to the ClassSpark Lincoln: Assassination and Legacy Teacher Professional Development Course.

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The September 11 Attacks and Their Impact

The September 11 terrorist attacks claimed more than 3,000 lives and had a significant impact on American domestic and foreign policy, as President George W. Bush pursued a global war on terror.

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We explore John Rutledge’s rise from Charleston’s legal elite to revolutionary leadership, the Constitutional Convention, and his pivotal role as Chief Justice of the United States.

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We explore Samuel Chase’s ascent in Maryland politics, his contributions in Congress, his appointment to the Supreme Court, and the landmark impeachment trial that defined his legacy.

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We explore the life of John Hart, his role in New Jersey’s resistance, and his contributions to American independence.

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Gunning Bedford

We explore Gunning Bedford's life as a soldier, lawyer, delegate, judge, and advocate for small states and abolition.

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We explore Carter Braxton’s journey from being a Virginia landowner to becoming a Continental Congress delegate, his reluctant support for independence, and his eventual financial downfall.

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Stephen Hopkins

We explore the life of Stephen Hopkins, a Rhode Island leader, Declaration signer, and patriot who shaped America’s founding despite failing health.

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We explore the life of Joseph Hewes, a North Carolina patriot, merchant, signer of the Declaration, and early naval supporter.

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Causes of the U.S. Civil War

In 1861, the American Civil War began, highlighting the economic, political, and social factors that divided North and South for decades, including disagreements over the legality of slavery.

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Shelby v. Holder

In 2013, Shelby County in Alabama challenged a key provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, leading to a Supreme Court decision that altered how states could regulate elections.

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Leaders of World War II

During World War II, the Axis and Allied Powers were led by formidable figures whose leadership styles and intentions varied, from Mussolini's imperial dreams to Roosevelt's enduring legacy.

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We explore John Blair’s contributions to the Constitutional Convention, his judicial career, and his influential role in early American governance.

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We explore John Dickinson’s influential role in shaping early American politics, his leadership as a delegate to the Continental and Constitutional Conventions, and his commitment to principled compromise during the nation’s founding.

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Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

In 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing thousands of civilians in a bid to end World War II and save American lives.

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We explore Pierce Butler’s journey from Irish aristocrat to influential southern planter, his role in the Constitution, and his legacy.

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Richard Stockton

We explore Richard Stockton’s role in Congress, his capture by the British, and his tragic decline before independence.

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We explore the legacy of William Blount, a key architect of America's frontier expansion and a signer of the U.S. Constitution.

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Abraham Baldwin

We explore Abraham Baldwin’s remarkable journey from minister to Founding Father, highlighting his influential role at the Constitutional Convention and enduring commitment to advancing education.

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A leading light of the Civil Rights Movement, Malcolm X transformed from a nationalistic firebrand to a global peace advocate, embodying the complexities and strengths of his enduring legacy.

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We explore Francis Lewis’ journey from Welsh-born merchant to American patriot, his sacrifices during the Revolution, and his lasting political legacy.

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Operation Enduring Freedom

Following the 9/11 attacks, the U.S.-led Operation Enduring Freedom dismantled al-Qaeda, toppled the Taliban, and reshaped counterterrorism through global cooperation efforts.

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The 1993 World Trade Center Bombing

On February 26th, 1993, Islamic terrorists detonated a bomb beneath the World Trade Center, killing six people and injuring over 1,000 in a tragic foreshadowing of 9/11.

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U.S. Involvement with Afghanistan

The United States spent decades shaping Afghanistan’s history, from Cold War interventions to the War on Terror, leaving a legacy of conflict, regime change, and enduring global tensions.

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The Causes of the Korean War

Fought between 1950 and 1953, the Korean War was the first armed conflict of the Cold War, involving both the capitalist United States and Communist Soviet Union.

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We explore Caesar Rodney’s leadership journey from militia captain to governor of Delaware, his crucial role in securing American independence, and his perseverance in the face of chronic illness.

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We explore Lewis Morris’s role as signer of the Declaration of Independence, his economic and agricultural pursuits, and his contributions to public service and civic life.

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Charles Carroll

We explore Charles Carroll’s journey from wealthy landowner to Revolutionary leader, his fight against religious barriers, and his lasting political impact.

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We explore Jacob Broom’s role as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, along with his entrepreneurial pursuits and contributions to civic leadership.

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The Impact of the Korean War

The Korean War of 1950-1953 had a significant impact on American politics and the economy, but ultimately transformed the United States into a military superpower and global protector of democracy.

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The Civil Rights Movement

In the 1950s and ‘60s, African Americans challenged racial discrimination in the United States through advocacy, action, and the courts, leading to legislative changes that enforced racial equality.

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Richard Dobbs Spaight

We explore Richard Dobbs Spaight's life as a military officer, legislator and signer of the Constitution.

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We explore the life of John Morton, a Pennsylvania judge and delegate to the Continental Congress, who cast the deciding vote for independence.

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We explore George Ross's journey from crown prosecutor for Pennsylvania and loyal supporter of the British King and Parliament, to a delegate at the Continental Congress and eventual signer of the Declaration of Independence.

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Daniel of St Thomas Jenifer

We explore the life of Daniel St. Jenifer, the Maryland statesman who helped shape the U.S. Constitution and championed compromise.

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We explore how Daniel Carroll helped shape America’s government, supported the Constitution, and helped choose the site for Washington, D.C.

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The Patriot Act

Passed after 9/11, the Patriot Act expanded federal powers to combat terrorism, but sparked debates over the treatment of suspects and how to balance homeland security with civil rights.

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Bleeding Kansas

In the 1850s, the newly established territory of Kansas descended into chaos – as pro and anti-slavery activists attempted to influence its admittance to the Union. Bleeding Kansas was a precursor to the Civil War.

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Samuel Huntington

We explore the life of Samuel Huntington, a self-taught lawyer and dedicated public servant from Connecticut who played a pivotal role in America's founding. As a delegate to the Continental Congress, he signed the Declaration of Independence and later served as President of the Continental Congress.

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We explore Benjamin Rush’s journey from physician to Revolutionary leader, his advocacy for reforms, and his role in uniting John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.

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Marian Anderson: The Opera Singer Who Challenged Segregation

When Black singer Marian Anderson was barred from performing in Washington by the Daughters of the Revolution – her Lincoln Memorial performance made her an icon of the Civil Rights Movement.

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Thomas Jefferson

We explore Thomas Jefferson’s journey from a Virginia delegate to a Founding Father. A patriot who helped shape America through law, diplomacy, and his visionary leadership.

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In 1961, both White and Black civil rights activists launched over sixty Freedom Rides across the South, challenging racial segregation in interstate travel and drawing international attention.

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President John F. Kennedy's Assassination

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by lone gunman Lee Harvey Oswald during a campaign trip to Dallas, Texas, one of the darkest days in American history.

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We explore John Hancock's rise from wealthy merchant to prominent patriot and Founding Father. As president of the Continental Congress, Hancock was first to sign the Declaration of Independence, and elected as Massachusetts’ first governor in 1780.

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Matthew Thornton

We explore the life of Matthew Thornton, a New Hampshire patriot, doctor, Continental Congress member, and signer of the Declaration.

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Francis Lightfoot Lee

We explore Francis Lightfoot Lee’s journey from Virginia planter to steadfast patriot, his role in America’s independence, and his legacy as a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

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The Impact of World War II on the U.S.

World War II reshaped the United States, catalyzing social and economic changes that propelled the country into a new era of global influence and domestic prosperity.

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The Cold War: An Overview

After World War II, the ideological differences that separated the capitalist United States and communist Soviet Union turned the former allies into enemies engaged in a global Cold War.

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The Neutrality Acts

The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s illustrate how American policies evolved in response to the escalating global crisis, reflecting a shift from strict neutrality towards active participation.

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We explore William Few’s journey from frontier farm life to Georgia politics, the Constitutional Convention, and his service in Congress.

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The Holocaust and U.S. Immigration Policy

During World War II, Gerhart Riegner helped to expose the true horrors of the Holocaust, marking a crucial turning point in global awareness and response.

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We explore the life of George Walton, a lawyer and signer of the Declaration, who later became Georgia’s Governor.

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We explore the life and career of James Smith, an Irish-born lawyer, iron factory owner, and signer of the Declaration of Independence.

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Richard Bassett

We explore Richard Bassett's journey from a slave-holding planter and lawyer to a signer of the U.S. Constitution.

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Arthur Middleton

We explore Arthur Middleton’s journey from South Carolina planter to revolutionary leader, his role in independence, and his political legacy.

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Francis Hopkinson

We explore Francis Hopkinson’s transformation from lawyer to patriot, highlighting his influence on American music, innovation, and politics, as well as his enduring legacy.

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We explore the life of John Penn, a Virginia-born lawyer, patriot, signer of the Declaration, and supporter of American independence.

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John Witherspoon

We explore the life of John Witherspoon, a Scottish-born minister, educator, signer of the Declaration, and key figure in America's founding.

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Thomas Heyward Jr.

We explore Thomas Heyward Jr.’s journey from a South Carolinian to a revolutionary, judge, and signer of the Declaration of Independence.

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We explore the career of Samuel Adams, a Boston patriot who led resistance against the British, signed the Declaration, and governed Massachusetts.

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We explore the life of Thomas McKean, a delegate from Delaware and signer of the Declaration of Independence. He played a vital role in America’s founding and served three terms as the governor of Pennsylvania.

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We explore the life of Thomas Stone, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a key figure in Maryland’s early political history.

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We explore the life of William Floyd, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a prominent figure in New York’s political and military history.

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William Williams

We explore William William's pivotal role as a signer of the Declaration of Independence and his early contributions to the founding of the United States.

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We explore William Ellery’s pivotal role as a signer of the Declaration of Independence and his early contributions to the founding of the United States.

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We explore the life of George Wythe, a Virginia-born attorney and one of the first to advocate for American independence. We follow his journey from a successful legal career to signing the Declaration of Independence.

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We explore the life of William Hooper, a Boston-born lawyer who became a prominent political figure who went on to draft and sign the Declaration of Independence.

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Josiah Bartlett

We explore the life and career of Josiah Bartlett, a doctor, patriot, signer of the Declaration of Independence and New Hampshire governor.

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The Sherman Anti-Trust Act

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, spearheaded by Senator John Sherman, curbed the power of Gilded Age monopolies, promoting fair competition and protecting consumer rights.

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On December 7, 1941, Imperial Japan launched a surprise attack on an American naval base at Pearl Harbor, on the island of Hawaii, drawing the United States’ into World War II.

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On D-Day, June 6th, 1944, more than 150,000 Allied troops stormed the beaches of Normandy, in Nazi-occupied France, breaching the Atlantic Wall and turning the tide of World War II.

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The People of Syria

The Syrian Refugee Crisis has seen over 11 million Syrians have been displaced from their homes as the result of a devastating civil war.

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed discriminatory voting practices in the United States, and established federal oversight in states with histories of voting discrimination.

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We explore the life and career of Lyman Hall, a former minister turned physician, patriot, and signer of the Declaration of Independence.

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We explore George Taylor's journey from indentured servant to influential signer of the Declaration of Independence and political figure in Pennsylvania.

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The Repeal of Reconstruction

In 1877, Southern states began to enact Black Codes, or Jim Crow laws that reversed the progressive policies of Reconstruction, and limited the freedoms of African Americans for almost a century.

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Civil Disobedience & the Media

During the 1950s and 60s, Civil Rights Activists in the United States used civil disobedience to challenge and overturn unjust laws, sparking significant legal reforms that stand to this day.

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The Rise and Repeal of Prohibition

In 1919, the Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the production and sale of alcohol in the United States, but the backlash and loss of tax revenue forced a historic reversal with the Twenty First Amendment.

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The Square Deal

President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal reshaped the United States at the turn of the 20th century, balancing big business with the needs of workers, consumers, and the environment.

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The Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan allocated $135 billion in today's dollars to help rebuild European economies after World War II and counter the threat of communism

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The Sixteenth Amendment transformed the financial framework of the United States by granting the federal government authority to levy an income tax on people’s earnings.

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Presidential Elections and the U.S. Constitution

Since it was adopted in the late 1700s, the U.S. Constitution has been amended four times to change how Presidents are elected, reflecting the evolving needs of the American people.

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The Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact, established in 1955 as a response to NATO, symbolized the Soviet Union’s control over Eastern Europe, facing significant challenges and scrutiny until its dissolution in 1991.

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Watergate and Nixon's Resignation

In the 1970s, President Richard Nixon's reelection campaign led to a break-in at the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., sparking investigations that changed U.S. politics forever.

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The Berlin Wall

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolized the decline of the communist Soviet Union, and a Cold War victory for the American values of freedom and democracy.

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The Domino Theory, introduced by President Truman during the Cold War, transformed U.S. foreign policy, leading to interventions in foreign conflicts to stop the spread of Communism.

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Formed in 1949, during the Cold War, NATO is a political and military alliance of European and North American countries dedicated to the collective security of each member state.

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Conscription into the Armed Forces has a long and checkered history in the United States, beginning during the Civil War and evolving into today’s Selective Service System.

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The First New Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt's First New Deal, launched in the depths of the Great Depression, provided immediate relief, economic recovery, and financial reforms, reshaping U.S. policy.

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Boston Tea Party

In 1773, colonists dumped 92,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor to protest unfair British laws. The Boston Tea Party, as it came to be known, set the stage for the American Revolution.

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Civil Rights and the Military in World War II

During World War II, African Americans combated fascism abroad and racial injustice at home, spearheading significant advances in military and civil rights.

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Homefront Resistance: The Vietnam War

The Vietnam War's impact extended far beyond the battlefield, sparking a powerful anti-war movement within the United States that included protests, cultural opposition, and press scrutiny.

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The Niagara Movement

In 1905, the Niagara Movement formed in Ontario, Canada, as African American men began to challenge racial segregation through proactive advocacy and legal challenges.

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The Bull Moose Party

In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt founded the Progressive Party, reshaping the presidential election and challenging traditional Republican values.

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The Iran-Contra Affair

The Iran-Contra Affair revealed illegal arms sales to Iran and covert funding for Nicaraguan rebels, challenging trust in American governance and staining Ronald Reagan’s legacy as President.

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African American Civil Rights 1930s - 1960s

Between the 1930s and '60s, African Americans pushed for civil rights, influencing policy changes through protests, political advocacy, and legal battles.

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Between 1865 and 1877, the United States government sought to rebuild and unify the nation after the Civil War. The Reconstruction era was dominated by major legal changes aimed at securing racial equality.

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Japanese Incarceration

During World War II, more than 100,000 Japanese people were forcibly incarcerated in the United States as a result of Executive Order 9066, a historic injustice that continues to haunt their families.

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Wilson’s New Freedom

Between 1913 and 1916, Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom agenda transformed the American economy by promoting individual freedoms, curbing big business and fostering healthy competition.

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What are Taxes?

Taxes are contributions everyone makes to fund essential services and supplies, like school books and community safety.

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What is Competition?

Competition pushes businesses to improve, innovate, and offer better, more affordable products and services, enhancing consumer choices.

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Impacts of the Reconstruction Era

In the aftermath of the American Civil War, Congress attempted to create a more perfect Union free from slavery, but faced significant political, social and economic challenges.

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Immigration in U.S. History: Colonial period to Mid 20th century

Major waves of immigration have shaped the United States over centuries, from the early European settlers and enslaved Africans to the Industrial workers of the 20th century.

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, civil rights leaders in Montgomery, Alabama, organized a city-wide bus boycott to highlight the injustice of racial segregation on public transport, and help bring about positive change.

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What is a Resource?

In economics, there are different kinds of resources. Visit Giovanni’s Pizzeria to discover what natural, human, and capital resources are, and why they are important.

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The Zimmermann Telegram

In January 1917, Germany sent a secret message to Mexico, proposing a partnership against the United States. The Zimmerman Telegram drew the U.S. into World War I, ending decades of isolationism.

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The Panama Canal

The Panama Canal, first conceived in the 1500s and completed by the United States in 1914, transformed global trade by connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Americas.

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The Fall of Fort Sumter

The assault on Fort Sumter by Confederate forces on April 12th, 1861 marked the start of the Civil War, following South Carolina's secession and rising tensions over slavery.

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The Causes of World War II

Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 marked the start of World War II, a global conflict fueled by economic crisis, aggressive nationalism, and the punitive measures of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Brown v. Board of Education

In 1954, the United States Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education abolished racial segregation in American public schools, overturning decades of classroom discrimination.

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Abraham Lincoln’s Leadership

Abraham Lincoln led the U.S. through the Civil War, focusing on unity and discourse, and shaped the nation's future by including diverse views in his decisions.

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William Whipple

We explore William Whipple's pivotal role as a signer of the Declaration of Independence and his early contributions to the founding of the United States.

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Costs and Benefits

Making decisions involves weighing what you gain against what you give up, from the benefits of homework to the costs of tasty treats.

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Causes of the Great Depression

The Great Depression began with the 1929 stock market crash, leading to widespread bank failures, business closures, job losses, and a global economic downturn that impacted billions.

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Robert Treat Paine

We explore the life of Robert Treat Paine, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, lawyer, and public servant who played a pivotal role in Massachusetts' legal and political landscape during the Revolutionary War.

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Richard Henry Lee

We explore the life of William Floyd, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a significant figure in New York’s political landscape during the American Revolution.

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The Census: Every Person Counts

The U.S. Census captures essential information on all those living in the United States every ten years, helping to shape government policies and allocate resources by tracking population shifts.

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The Civil War: Life on the Homefront

During and after the Civil War, life on the home front looked very different in the North and the South, from the economy and infrastructure to the experiences of women and African Americans.

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Emancipation: The Long Road to Freedom

By ending slavery, emancipation reshaped the United States, granting African Americans new freedoms and rights as citizens, which many fought hard to protect during the Jim Crow era.

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Unsung Heroes of the Civil War

During the Civil War, many African Americans, Hispanic, and Indigenous Peoples chose to fight for either the Union or the Confederacy, despite facing unique challenges and obstacles.

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Innovations That Changed the World

Historical innovations such as the telephone, airplane, and crop rotation were built on ideas to improve communication, travel, and agriculture, making life easier and better for everyone.

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U.S. v. Bhagat Singh Thind

The 1923 U.S. Supreme Court case involving Indian immigrant Bhagat Singh Thind reinforced racial qualifications for American citizenship, reflecting long-standing racial hierarchies in U.S. law.

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Course Overview

This is an introductory episode to a two-part course, examining how George Washington's leadership established enduring precedents influencing generations of leaders.

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Voices of the Past: Robert Mursh

Our knowledge of early Virginia’s Indigenous peoples often relies on sources created by colonizers. Much of what is known about Robert Mursh does not come from his own accounts but from the occasions when he crossed paths with colonial institutions. Using these primary sources offers a deeper understanding of the lives of Indigenous peoples in colonial times.

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Voices of the Past: Women

Accounts of the lives of Black people in early America rarely capture their own voices, especially in the case of the enslaved. Using primary sources allows analysis through case studies to understand the role of Black people in Colonial Williamsburg.

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Planting the Seeds: 1600-1705

From 1600 to 1705, colonial Virginia’s economy, evolving political institutions, and entrenched social order laid the groundwork for Williamsburg’s future role in the American Revolution.

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Ida B. Wells: Crusader against Lynching

In the 1890s, investigative journalist Ida B. Wells used statistical evidence to prove that the majority of lynching cases in the United States were based on race, not crime.

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Obergefell v. Hodges

The 2015 Supreme Court case Obergefell v. Hodges affirmed the marriage rights of same-sex couples in the United States, a ruling based on the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause.

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Causes of the Civil War

In 1861, longstanding disagreements over the legality of slavery in the United States, and the election of Republican Abraham Lincoln as President, contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War.

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State and Federal Powers

The United States Constitution divides power between state and federal governments – establishing a delicate balance that has sparked disagreements and conflict over decades.

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Executive Orders

Executive orders allow American presidents to direct the government — but courts and Congress play a key role in keeping that power in check.

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Government Tensions in the Early Republic

In the 1790s, fierce debates over federal power, taxation, and dissent defined the young United States – and laid the foundation for political struggles that continue today.

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Black and Indigenous Men in the Revolutionary War

The important contributions of African American and Indigenous men who fought for and against American independence showcase their varied roles and deep impact on the Revolutionary War.

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Why do we eat what we eat? It all boils down to location and climate, which determine the variety of foods available and the types of crops that can thrive in different environments.

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Important Figures in the American Revolution

During the American Revolution, many lesser-known figures played vital roles, from nightrider Sybil Ludington and spy James Lafayette, to Indigenous leaders who supported both sides.

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1801 - 1861: Growth and Conflict in the United States

From 1801 to 1861, the United States expanded dramatically, but expansion also led to conflicts with Indigenous Peoples and debates over the issue of slavery in new territories that sparked the Civil War.

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Indigenous Sovereignty

The United States recognizes the sovereignty of more than 570 Indigenous Tribes, but the fight for control of their ancestral lands continues.

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The Legal History of Segregation

Racial segregation was legally codified in the United States after the Civil War, affecting African Americans and other minorities through laws that promised freedom yet enforced inequality.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States, and the seat of the federal government, a symbol of American democracy whose story reflects the needs of the people.

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Voting Rights Laws in the United States

The United States was founded on the principles of democracy and self-governance, but the fight to extend the franchise to all citizens has been long and hard, as Americans fought for the right to vote.

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Inventing the Presidency Promo

A promotional video for the ClassSpark course George Washington: Inventing the Presidency

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From 1699 to 1780, Williamsburg stood at the crossroads of colonial life. In the decades that followed, it had a huge influence on American democracy and governance.

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Harvesting Liberty: 1775-1781

Between 1775 and 1781, Virginia and Williamsburg helped turn revolutionary ideals into functioning systems of self-government.

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In the Classroom: Madison and the First Amendment

In 1791, Congress adopted the First Amendment, a cornerstone of the Constitution shaped by James Madison’s commitment to protecting essential American liberties. This Classroom Application episode is designed to accompany and enhance Advice To My Country: Madison and The First Amendment.

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Managing the White House: The White House Chief Usher

The White House is where the president lives and works - but it's also a whirlwind of activity. So who keeps it all running? In this video, learn about the historic role of the Chief Usher, from the 1800s to today.

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Keeping Things Flowing: The White House Plumber

The White House bathrooms host VIPs from all over the world - but who keeps them flushing? In this video, learn about the historic role of the White House plumber, from the 1800s to today.

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Indigenous Peoples of the Great Basin

The Ute, Shoshone, and Nimíipuu tribes adapted to the diverse landscapes of the Great Basin, each developing unique cultures and lifeways shaped by the natural world.

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The Equal Rights Amendment

First put forward to Congress in 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment would secure legal equality for all sexes, but remains unratified, reflecting ongoing battles between conservatives and liberals.

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Early Environmental Laws in the United States

In the late 1800s, the Industrial Revolution took a devastating toll on natural resources in the United States, leading to a conservationist movement that resulted in the country’s first environmental laws.

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Serving with Care: The White House Housekeeper

With sixteen bedrooms, thirty-five bathrooms, and countless workspaces, how does the White House stay clean? In this video, learn about the historic role of the White House housekeeper, from the 1800s to today.

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In The Classroom: Fact-Checking the Revolution

Evaluating information and identifying reliable sources supports the core values of republican government and informed citizenship. This Classroom Application episode is designed to accompany and enhance Advice To My Country: Republicanism, Representation, & Civic Virtue.

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Meals, Meetings, and Merriment

What people ate in Colonial Williamsburg, how they made it, and with whom, shows how cultures collided, blended, and adapted – shaping new traditions one meal at a time.

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Advice To My Country: Revolutionary Roots

Long before American independence, Williamsburg was already at the center of political life in Virginia. Explore how this area became a place for people to come together, to question, and chart a way forward.

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The Digital Revolution

Between the 1950s and 2000s, key innovations in technology, from Alan Turing’s AI theories to the dawn of the Internet, revolutionized how people communicate, travel and work.

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Ideas Bloom: 1773-1775

From 1773 to 1775, Williamsburg’s citizens took bold steps – through committees, boycotts, protests, and pamphlets – that helped unite the colonies and spark rebellion against British rule.

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Ideas Take Root: 1754-1767

Virginia and Williamsburg had a huge impact on the American Revolution, as conflicts over land, taxation, and political rights turned loyal colonists into leaders of resistance against British rule.

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Course Overview

Written near his death, James Madison’s sealed letter reveals insights into the early republic and the influential role Virginia and Williamsburg played in shaping it.

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Advice To My Country: Republicanism, Representation, and Civic Virtue

The Virginia Declaration of Rights set forth principles of liberty while asking, could the new republic endure, or would it collapse like so many before it? Explore the early foundations of the new American republic.

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In the Classroom: In Pursuit of Freedom

In the revolutionary era, slavery stood as a central paradox in a nation founded on liberty. A contradiction revealed in surviving records, including historic ads written by enslavers. This Classroom Application episode is designed to accompany and enhance Advice To My Country: Slavery & Freedom.

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Advice To My Country: The First Amendment

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1791. Take a closer look at how Virginia, Williamsburg, and James Madison played a role in the foundation of the Bill of Rights.

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Advice To My Country: Federalism

From the first revolutionary protests to the drafting of the Constitution, Americans wrestled with sovereignty and the shape of a new nation. Explore both sides of the federalism debate.

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Advice To My Country: Promo

Trace the origins of the republic and the pivotal influence of Virginia and Williamsburg in the early development of the United States.

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Advice To My Country: Slavery and Freedom

In colonial Virginia, slavery shaped every aspect of society and underpinned its leadership in the Revolution. Examine how colonists who cried for liberty also enslaved others.

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Feeding the First Family: The White House Chef

Food has always shaped White House history. In this video, learn about the historic role of the White House kitchen staff, from the 1800s to today.

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Introduction to Colonial Williamsburg

Williamsburg, colonial capital of Virginia, played a pivotal role in the American Revolution. Its rich history continues to shape our understanding of America’s early ideals.

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Advice To My Country: Foundations of Independence

Thomas Jefferson described the Declaration of Independence as expressing the “American mind,” drawing on political and philosophical traditions that influenced the nation’s formation. Explore the role of philosophy in the foundation of a new nation.

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Echoes of the Past

Colonial Williamsburg preserves the past as a living city, inviting visitors to walk its streets, confront the complexities of revolutionary America, and carry its lessons into the future.

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In the Classroom: Constitutional Debates

Early debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists shaped the United States Constitution and continue to influence American political life today. This Classroom Application episode is designed to accompany and enhance Advice To My Country: Federalism.

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In the Classroom: From Debate to Declaration

In 1776, core political ideals and rising tensions shaped the Founders’ decision to declare independence from Britain. This Classroom Application episode is designed to accompany and enhance Advice To My Country: Foundations of Independence.

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Voices of the Past: Ashby Family

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Government & Religion

Government, law, and religion in Colonial Williamsburg were intertwined, with British rule shaping politics, courts enforcing laws, and the Anglican Church dominating society.

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In Colonial Virginia, children were at the heart of daily life. But a child’s experiences in the 18th century were shaped by their social status in a deeply unequal, hierarchical society.

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Whether laboring in bondage or engaging in business, a woman’s race, class, and legal status in Colonial Williamsburg shaped the roles society allowed – or denied – her.

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From indentured servants and apprentices to enslaved people, unfree labor was the engine of the colonial economy. including in Virginia and Colonial Williamsburg.

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Commerce and Social Structure

Colonial Williamsburg thrived on trade, tobacco, and social hierarchy, where commerce linked all classes – and consumer choices helped drive Virginia toward revolution.

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Economy of Colonial Virginia

Tobacco transformed Virginia into Britain’s most powerful colony, shaping its economy, society, and conflicts through enslaved labor, settlement, and international trade.

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Indigenous Voices

During colonial times, the Indigenous peoples of Virginia, faced a changing world as English settlers arrived, leading to conflict, adaptation, and cultural resilience.

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Course Overview

From 1699 to 1780, Williamsburg stood at the crossroads of colonial life. In the decades that followed, it had a huge influence on American democracy and governance.

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Indigenous Peoples in Alaska and Hawaii

The contrasting cultures of the Inuit of Alaska and the Kanaka Maoli of Hawaii show how Indigenous Peoples adapted to their environments to develop rich cultures and ways of living.

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Location and climate influence clothing choices worldwide, from beachwear and mountain gear to the layers worn in deserts and the fur clothing of the Inuit in Alaska.

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Indigenous Peoples of Eastern North America

The Haudenosaunee, Cherokee, and Seminole, three Indigenous Peoples present in the Eastern North America, each have rich cultures influenced by the environment.

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Acts of Enslaved Resilience

Despite severe restrictions and daily hardships, enslaved Africans found subtle ways to survive and support one another, demonstrating resilience in the face of relentless adversity.

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Welcoming and Protecting: The White House Doorkeeper

Called the "people's house", the White House must carefully balance welcoming public visitors with ensuring the safety of the president and their family. In this video, learn about the historic role of the White House doorkeepers, from the 1800s until today.

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Coming to America: The Legacy of Immigration

Throughout American history, from the early days of colonization to modern times, diverse waves of immigrants have shaped institutions, industries and cultural practices.

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The Fall of Saigon

The 1975 fall of Saigon ended the Vietnam War, united Vietnam under Communist rule, and left a profound legacy for the United States in lives, resources, and global influence.

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Indentured Servitude and Slavery

Between 1619 and 1865, North America's labor system underwent profound changes, transitioning from indentured servitude to slavery, and deeply impacting the lives of Africans and Black Americans.

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The Origins of Free Speech in the United States

Used as a tool of resistance and rebellion during the American revolution, freedom of speech and assembly was then protected by the First Amendment, empowering citizens to speak out.

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Washington, D.C. The Nation’s Capital

As capital of the United States, and the seat of government, Washington, D.C. symbolizes American democracy and is packed full of important buildings, monuments and places to see.

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Indigenous Peoples and the Environment

Over millennia, Indigenous Peoples in North America have fostered deep connections with the environment, through cultural traditions and beliefs that emphasize harmony and balance with the earth.

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Common Good: Building a Better Society

The common good is the belief that society thrives when people work together for everyone’s benefit, a principle that inspired the American Revolution and shaped the United States.

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Connecting Past and Present: The White House Curator

From portraits of presidents, to the dishes that held their meals, the White House is a museum packed with important objects. In this video, learn about the historic role of the White House curator.

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The People Behind the People's House: The White House Residence Staff

The White House is the president's home, but with more than 130 rooms, constant events, and endless tasks to manage, it takes a skilled team to keep things on track. In this video, learn about the historic role of the White House residence staff, from the 1800s to today.

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The Cold War: Competing Ideologies

The Cold War pitted democracy and capitalism against communism in a decades-long conflict, featuring arms races, proxy wars, and the ultimate collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Change Over Time

Change means things becoming different over time - from homes and jobs to cities and the environment. Change has shaped the world we live in today.

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Women in the Colonies

Life for women in the Thirteen Colonies varied hugely depending on religion, ethnicity and location. Explore the day to day lives of Puritans, Quakers, indentured servants and enslaved women in Colonial North America.

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Driving the President: The White House Chauffeur

The president steers the country, but someone else is behind the wheel. In this video, learn about the historic role of the White House chauffeur, from the 1800s to today.

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Digging into History: The White House Gardener

Ever wondered who maintains the White House lawn? In this video, learn about the historic role of the White House gardener, from the 1800s up until today.

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Serving up History: The White House Butler

The butlers are the first faces of hospitality for many at the White House. In this video, learn about their historic role, from the 1800s up until today.

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The Iran Hostage Crisis

The 1979 Iran Hostage Crisis began when Iranian students took 52 Americans captive, signalling a severe deterioration in U.S.-Iran relations and reshaping geopolitical alliances.

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U.S. Entry into World War I

After three years of neutrality, the United States entered World War I in April 1917, influenced by German submarine attacks in the Atlantic and a secret plot between Germany and Mexico.

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The Indian Removal Act of 1830

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the forced relocation of Indigenous Peoples from the fertile East to the arid West, marking a tragic chapter in U.S. history with the harrowing Trail of Tears.

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The Stonewall Uprising

In 1969, a police raid on New York’s Stonewall Inn sparked a five-day rebellion, igniting a global movement for LGBTQ+ rights and laying the foundation for Pride marches worldwide.

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The U.S Economy After World War II

After World War II, the American economy grew rapidly – driven by public policy and private spending – until recession and deregulation challenged the role of government in shaping national prosperity.

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Indigenous Peoples of The Great Plains

Explore the traditions and lifestyles of the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Comanche as they mastered the challenges of the Great Plains, from buffalo hunts to sacred ceremonies.

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Earth's Landforms

The land that makes up part of Earth's surface comes in many different forms, from mountains and valleys, to deserts and islands, all unique and special in their own ways.

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What is a Body of Water?

The water that covers part of Earth's surface comes in many different forms, from vast oceans and flowing rivers to serene lakes and expansive wetlands, each unique and vital to our planet.

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Free Speech in the United States

From labor strikes to civil rights marches, American citizens have used their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech and assembly to confront injustice and demand equality.

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The American Indian Movement

In the 1960s and ’70s, the American Indian Movement used protest and civil disobedience to demand sovereignty and justice – sparking major reforms and a national Indigenous cultural revival.

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Indigenous Peoples of Southwestern North America

The Pueblo, Diné, and Apache were Indigenous Peoples who lived in the Southwest of North America, each forming distinct cultures based on their connection to the land.

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Asian Americans in World War II

During WWII, Asian Americans faced internment and prejudice but also contributed heroically, from intelligence work to the battlefield, embodying resilience and loyalty in the face of injustice.

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The common good is about everyone helping each other so the whole community can be happy, healthy, and safe.

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Where and How People Live

Where people live changes how they live. The weather, land, and things around them help decide what kinds of houses they build, what clothes they wear, what food they eat, and even what jobs they do.

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Indigenous Societies and Governments

The unique governance systems of the Haudenosaunee, Pueblo, and Tlingit illustrate Indigenous societies have maintained complex social structures in North America for centuries.

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Active Citizenship: Voices of Change

Being a citizen of the United States means enjoying specific rights and privileges. Active citizens use their rights to participate in, and improve their communities in lots of different ways.

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Enslaved Resistance

Throughout American history, enslaved Africans resisted through sabotage, legal battles, uprisings, and advocacy, shaping a national divide that led to the Civil War and their eventual freedom.

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The Second New Deal

Initiated during the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Second New Deal agenda shifted the government’s focus from rapid relief to securing long-term social safeguards.

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A job is the work that people do, usually to make a living. Geography and climate significantly shape the types of jobs people have, from farming in wet climates to helping tourists in sunny places.

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The Vietnam War

The Vietnam War engaged the United States in a proxy battle with the Communist Soviet Union for control of the Vietnamese peninsula, a conflict marked by significant historical events.

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The Nuclear Arms Race

During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union engaged in a nuclear arms race that brought the world to the brink of destruction and led to the signing of various non-proliferation treaties.

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Henrietta Lacks' Revolutionary HeLa Cells

The astonishing story of Henrietta Lacks' immortal cells, taken without consent, revolutionized medical research but also exposed ethical dilemmas, leading to crucial changes in consent laws to protect patients' rights in the scientific community.

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1950s - 1990s: Events of Civil Rights Movement

Between the 1950s and 1990s, marginalized Americans campaigned vigorously for their rights as citizens, their movements marked by legal challenges, protests and changes in the law.

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U.S. Involvement in the Middle East

The United States' role in the Middle East reflects shifting alliances and strategic interests, a story of diplomacy and conflict that began after World War II and continued through the War on Terror.

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The Camp David Accords

In 1978, three world leaders met at Camp David, Maryland, in an effort to resolve conflict in the Middle East, culminating in a historic treaty between Israel and Egypt.

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The Immigration and Nationality Act

The Hart-Celler Act of 1965 transformed American immigration policy by ending discriminatory quotas and opening the country to immigrants of all backgrounds, shaping a more diverse society.

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Setting the Stage

On April 14th, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln attended a comedy at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. The events that took place that night reflected the ongoing divisions of the American Civil War.

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The Persian Gulf War

In 1990, Iraq invaded neighbouring Kuwait, prompting a swift response from the United Nations, as the Persian Gulf War restored peace to Kuwait but left Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein in power.

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The War Powers Resolution

The War Powers Act imposes Congressional checks on presidential military authority, but various administrations have frequently side stepped it.

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The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

In 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving the President broad authority to support South Vietnam. This escalated the Vietnam conflict and sparked debates over executive power.

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The Supreme Court v. Franklin D. Roosevelt

In the 1930s, Franklin D. Roosevelt's ambitious New Deal policies faced fierce opposition from the Supreme Court, leading to a historic confrontation over America's constitutional checks and balances.

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The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

The Smoot-Hawley Act of 1930 raised tariffs up to 59% on foreign imports, leading to global trade wars and rising inflation, which contributed to the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.

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The 2000 Election

The 2000 presidential election became notorious for its Florida recount, exposing inconsistencies in vote counting methods and leading to a Supreme Court decision that determined the outcome.

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Choosing Sides in the American Revolution

During the American Revolution, colonists chose sides based on their hopes for the future, but whether Patriot or Loyalist, African American or Indigenous, not all those hopes were fulfilled.

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David Rittenhouse

In 1769, self-taught clockmaker David Rittenhouse used the Transit of Venus to help determine the astronomical unit, enhancing our understanding of the solar system's scale.

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Leaders of the Cold War

A global conflict between opposing ideologies, the Cold War was largely shaped by Soviet and American leaders, from Joseph Stalin to George H. W. Bush, whose styles and policies varied.

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World War I Technology

World War I revolutionized combat through ground-breaking technologies, including portable radios, gas masks, machine guns, and tanks, fundamentally altering the future of warfare.

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The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

The Taft-Hartley Act rolled back union rights gained under the Wagner Act, empowering states and limiting workers' influence, ultimately shifting the balance in favor of business interests.

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The Election of Barack Obama

In 2008, Barack Obama made history as the first African American to secure the Presidency, the culmination of a groundbreaking campaign that employed digital tools for the very first time.

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Leaders of World War I

The leaders of the Central Powers and Allies during World War I, from Kaiser Wilhelm II to President Woodrow Wilson, had distinct styles and goals that shaped the war’s outcome.

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The 1856 Election

In 1856, amidst conflicts over the Kansas-Nebraska Act and differing views on slavery, immigration surged to the forefront of the political agenda, significantly impacting the presidential election.

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Material Matters

George Washington’s familial home, Mount Vernon, is a rich source of material culture that provides teachers with meaningful opportunities to help students learn from historical artifacts.

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Virtual Field Trip: George Washington's Study

By exploring George Washington’s study at Mount Vernon, the first president’s historic home, teachers can help students connect his private world to the public legacy he left behind.

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Farewell Address Part 2: Jigsaw Strategy

George Washington’s Farewell Address is a valuable primary source that offers teachers effective strategies , like the Jigsaw Strategy, for helping students explore its content and enduring impact.

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Farewell Address Part 1: Close Reading

George Washington’s Farewell Address is a valuable primary source that offers teachers effective strategies, including Close Reading, to help students explore its content and enduring impact.

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Foreign Affairs

George Washington shaped American foreign policy through treaties, neutrality, and diplomacy – asserting executive power and setting enduring precedents for leadership in international affairs.

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Farewell Address

George Washington’s Farewell Address and decision not to seek a third term defined the presidency through restraint, national unity, and the peaceful transfer of power.

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A Lasting Legacy

George Washington’s leadership guided the United States through its formative years and established many of the enduring principles and practices that continue to define the presidency today.

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Life in Philadelphia

Before Washington, D.C. became the capital, George Washington led the presidency from New York and Philadelphia – a lasting reminder that leadership is shaped not only by people, but by place.

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Domestic Crisis

As the first President, George Washington navigated domestic crises including economic upheaval and rebellion, setting lasting precedents for federal authority and fiscal leadership.

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Forming the Cabinet

George Washington created the first presidential Cabinet, promoting open debate and setting a lasting precedent for collaborative executive leadership in the United States.

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Inventing The Presidency

As the first president, George Washington established enduring precedents that defined the executive office and set a lasting standard for leadership. Take a closer look at how this reluctant leader helped shape a new nation and its highest office.

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Path to the Presidency

George Washington’s early life, military service, and steady, collaborative leadership style made him the right man in the right place at the right time to shape a new nation.

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Power, Protest and Global Shifts: 1890 to 1930

The period between 1890 and 1930 saw unprecedented global change, illustrating how the interconnectedness of nations fostered both conflict and cooperation.

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Passed during World War II, the G.I. Bill transformed the lives of American veterans by providing educational and financial assistance in times of need, helping millions to transition into civilian life.

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The Manhattan Project

During World War II, the United States launched a top secret project to create the world’s first atomic bomb, leading to devastating attacks on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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Learn About the Past

We can learn about the past by reading letters, looking at photographs, and examining objects, primary sources that reveal what life was really like long ago.

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Economics: Tariffs

Tariffs are taxes placed on imported or exported goods to protect local industries and strengthen the domestic economy. This explainer outlines the types of tariffs: import, export, and transit. And how they impact global trade. It also highlights the risks of trade wars when countries retaliate with competing tariffs.

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Natural Disasters

Natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, blizzards and volcanic eruptions affect different parts of the United States every year, causing widespread damage and impacting how people live.

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Federal Holidays

Federal holidays in the United States are created by the federal government to mark significant historical events, or honor influential leaders or people, celebrating what is special about the country.

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Signed in 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement transformed trade between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, leading to both significant economic advancements and challenges.

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The European Front

From 1939 to 1945, World War II reshaped Europe, from Nazi Germany's initial invasions to the final Allied victories, culminating in the fall of Berlin and Victory in Europe Day.

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Key U.S. Battles in WWI

During World War I, American forces played crucial roles in pivotal battles like the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, helping to secure Allied victory and reshape global power dynamics.

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The United States from 1890 - 1930

From the Sherman Antitrust Act to the Wall Street Crash, pivotal events between 1890 and 1930 reshaped America, though government responses were not always effective or beneficial.

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In the 1930s, irresponsible farming practices in Great Plains contributed to devastating dust storms that destroyed homes and businesses across the United States and claimed hundreds of lives.

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The Rise of the Internet

From its early development in the 1960s to its global impact today, the Internet has revolutionised how we live, work, and learn, while posing complex challenges to societies worldwide.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed racial segregation and discrimination in the United States, setting a national standard for equality and a precedent for future civil rights legislation.

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The Espionage and Sedition Acts

During World War I, the United States government passed the Espionage and Sedition Acts, limiting free speech to quell dissent and sparking legal battles over civil liberties.

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Nixon's China Strategy

In 1972, President Richard Nixon's unprecedented visit to Communist China marked a pivotal shift in Cold War dynamics, redefining US-China relations and influencing global geopolitics.

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Eisenhower and Foreign Policy

Dwight D. Eisenhower shaped U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War, using military strength, diplomacy, and covert operations to counter Soviet influence and advance American interests abroad.

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Landmark Supreme Court Rulings: Women's Rights

Since the 1970s, a series of landmark U.S. Supreme Court decisions have shaped the legal landscape for women's rights, from Reed v. Reed to the overturning of Roe v. Wade.

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Women in the Progressive Movement

During the Progressive Era, many women in the United States campaigned for a more just and equitable society, shaping social, racial, and political reforms that improved the lives of millions.

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Civil Discourse

Civil discourse is when people share their thoughts and ideas with respect, even when they disagree, in order to find solutions to common problems and move forward together as a community.

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When and How People Live

How people live has changed dramatically over time, thanks to new innovations and ways of thinking, from how people make decisions and communicate, to how they buy what they need.

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Contribution means sharing what you can do, or what you have with others, to make things better for everyone, just like lawyer Thurgood Marshall contributed to the fight for civil rights.

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Women in the Supreme Court

For more than 200 years, all justices of the U.S. Supreme Court were men. Today women bring important perspectives to the highest court.

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Free African Americans during the Colonial Period

During colonial times, African Americans could attain freedom from slavery in various ways, but their lives were often impacted by racial discrimination, injustice, and inequality.

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We explore David Brearley’s legal legacy, military service, pivotal role at the Constitutional Convention, and contributions to American judicial review.

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Joseph Priestly

Joseph Priestley, an 18th-century theologian and scientist, identified oxygen, revolutionizing chemistry and enhancing our understanding of the air we breathe.

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The Bartram family transformed American botany by growing a world-famous garden, sharing seeds across continents, and documenting Indigenous botanical knowledge.

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Catharine Haines

During the American Revolutionary War, teenager Catharine Haines recorded remedies and recipes that she hoped would help her community – and even professional doctors – battle disease and preserve knowledge.

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In the late 1700s, James Madison’s records of American weather patterns helped save crops, battle the Hessian fly, and documented early American meteorological phenomena.

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In 1793, yellow fever swept through Philadelphia. While most fled, Benjamin Rush and members of the city’s Black community stayed to help – leaving behind a medical and civil rights legacy.

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Korematsu v. the United States

In 1944, Fred Korematsu challenged the wartime internment of Japanese Americans, sparking a landmark Supreme Court case that questioned civil liberties and constitutional rights.

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Miranda v. Arizona

Ernesto Miranda's arrest in 1963 led to a United States Supreme Court decision that changed American policing by establishing the Miranda rights to protect suspects from self-incrimination.

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We explore the life of Roger Sherman, the only Founding Father to sign all four founding documents of the United States.

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Gideon v. Wainwright

The 1963 Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright established the fundamental right to free legal counsel for criminal defendants who cannot afford it, fundamentally transforming American justice.

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Compromise is a key ingredient of a happy, healthy society, a civic trait that enables people to find a middle ground, and make fair decisions, by giving up a little of what they want or need.

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Moderation is a key ingredient of a happy, healthy society, a civic trait that enables people to make better choices, and balance the needs of others, without doing too much or too little.

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The Collapse of the USSR

Established in 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was dominated by Communist Russia, until Cold War tensions and calls for democratic change brought about its collapse in 1991.

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Causes of the Vietnam War

The Vietnam War stemmed from colonial rule and ideological division, with North Vietnam’s alleged attack on American warships drawing the United States into a Cold War conflict in Southeast Asia.

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In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Roe v. Wade legalized abortion nationwide, but in 2022 the decision was overturned, allowing states to restrict abortion access for millions.

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