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Adding to the Problem

Deforestation and the use of fossil fuels are not the only human activities causing climate change. Other aspects of modern life are adding to the problem by producing greenhouse gases, like methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons. Let’s examine where they come from.

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Photosynthesis (IB)

An in-depth outline of photosynthesis, including light-dependent and light-independent reactions, how it is powered by excited electrons and ATP, and processes such as photolysis, chemiosmosis and the Calvin Cycle.

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Katherine Johnson: Trailblazing NASA Mathematician

At a time when American space exploration was dominated by men, mathematician Katherine Johnson broke through gender and racial barriers to help change our understanding of the cosmos forever.

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Susan La Flesche Picotte: The First Female Native American Doctor

At a time when many Native Americans were refused healthcare by racist White doctors, Susan La Flesche Picotte overcame gender discrimination to become the first Indigenous woman in U.S. history to earn a medical degree.

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Free Radical Substitution (IB)

An outline of free radical substitution reactions - including what free radicals are, how they are created, and propagation and termination steps to these reactions.

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What Forces Act Upon an Object?

What is the first law of motion? What forces can act upon an object. Whether you're walking, sitting, throwing or driving, forces affect us all.

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How is Resistance Measured in a Wire?

Resistance lowers the current and the rate of electrons flowing through something. How does this happen in wires and how is it measured?

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What are Xylem and Phloem?

An outline of the functions of the xylem and phloem.

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How Does the Urinary System Work

The kidneys are amazing as they filter blood to excrete urine. This film explores how this happens.

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What is the Human Fertilisation Process

It's all relative. How does the human fertilisation process work?

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What is Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis and meiosis are both forms of cell division. This film explores how mitosis and meiosis occur.

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What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is the gradual adaptation of a population to become more suited to its environment.

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Greenhouse Effect (IB)

An outline of the energy balance model of the Earth-atmosphere system, including how to calculate the effect of greenhouse gases, and the atmosphere, on Earth’s average temperature.

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How is Acid Rain Formed?

Acid rain is formed when nitrogen dioxide, or sulfur dioxide, both produced by burning fossil fuels, reacts with water in the atmosphere to produce rain with a pH value below 5.

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How is Ammonia Produced in the Haber Process?

What is the Haber Process and how does it work?

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What are the Methods to Measure Rate of Reaction?

How the rate of reaction can be measured, and assessment of potential apparatus.

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How are Chemical Equations Balanced?

If you're studying chemistry, you need to know how to balance your equations. This short film will explore how it is achieved.

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Cas-CRISPR (IB)

A visual outline of how Cas9-CRISPR is applied in human cells to edit DNA.

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The Fall of Constantinople

The Ottoman siege of Constantinople, and the city’s subsequent fall, forever altered the geopolitical landscape of Europe and beyond.

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Tasman's Voyages

Abel Tasman, a Dutch explorer, charted unknown territories in the Southern Hemisphere, marking the discovery of Tasmania and parts of the Australian coast in the 17th century.

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What is Convection in Liquid or Gas?

This film explores how convection works and how it is investigated in the lab.

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The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle is the process by which carbon is constantly absorbed, stored and recycled by living and non-living things, thereby maintaining the delicate balance that supports all life on Earth.

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Franklin, Crick and Watson

The combined efforts of Rosalind Franklin, Francis Crick, and James Watson led to the groundbreaking discovery of DNA's double helix structure in 1953.

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Confucius was a philosopher in ancient China who taught that the powerful needed to rule with virtue. He put his ideas into practice - changing the way the government was run, and eventually founding a religion called Confucianism.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein is known as the father of modern physics. As a young man, he spent his time thinking about the nature of space and time. When he published his ideas, they changed the world - and gave us a whole new view of the universe!

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Aristotle’s way of describing the world changed the way we think and reason. He wrote about everything from biology to politics and the universe - applying a system of logic and observation which laid the groundwork for modern science.

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Hippocrates, the Ancient Greek doctor who transformed medicine by applying scientific principles to diagnose and treat diseases, laying the foundation for modern medical practices.

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Edwin Hubble's discovery of galaxies beyond the Milky Way and the expanding universe transformed astronomy, laying groundwork for the Big Bang theory.

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Fossil Fuels: Part One

For centuries, humans have relied on fossil fuels to power our world. Coal fuelled the Industrial Revolution but also had a devastating impact on people and the natural environment. Let’s dig a little deeper into our use of coal.

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What Makes The Invisible Man a Classic?

First published as a novel in 1897, HG Wells' The Invisible Man is the story of a scientist corrupted by his own ambition. A gripping story of madness and immorality, its brutal conclusion still has the power to shock today.

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What is an Acid-base Titration?

In a laboratory how do we carry out an acid-base titration? We investigate.

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How do Equilibrium Reactions Work?

We explore how equilibrium reactions work, with reference to reversibility and changing conditions of temperature, pressure or concentration.

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What are Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions?

Hot or cold! What are endothermic and exothermic reactions, and how they can be depicted in reaction pathway diagrams?

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What is Electrolysis?

Electrolysis is the breakdown of an aqueous or molten ionic compound when an electric current is passed through it. Easy? Well this film explores the process and makes it easier to understand.

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How are Ionic and Covalent Bonds Formed?

Ionic and covalent bonds both involve the moving of electrons, allowing two atoms to each achieve complete outer shells. But how does this happen?

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Nucleophilic Substitution (IB)

An outline of how both SN1 and SN2 types of nucleophilic substitution reaction occur, including covering the nature of electrophiles and nucleophiles.

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Electrolysis (IB)

An outline of the basic chemical process of electrolysis, including electron flow through the entire system.

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How is Energy Conserved?

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be stored, or converted into other forms of energy.

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What are the Properties of Waves?

A quick guide to the various properties of waves including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.

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How Does a Solenoid Work?

How does a solenoid work and what is its applications?

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How Does an Electric Motor Work?

We use then everyday, but how does an electric motor work?

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How Does the Digestive System Work?

What happens when you eat a burger? Where does it go and how does your body process it? This film helps you to digest the facts.

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How Does the Circulatory System Work?

Your heart is alway pumping blood around your body. This short film doesn't miss a beat, and explains how the circulatory system works.

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What is Active Immunity?

How active immunity happens in the body, via natural infection or vaccination.

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How is Gas Exchanged During Respiration?

Take in a breath of fresh air as we investigate how gas exchange occurs at the alveolus.

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What is a Dichotomous Key?

A dichotomous key is a tool for classifying organisms based on how similar they are to each other. It involves asking a series of questions, each with only two possible answers.

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Heatwaves caused by periods of extreme hot or dry weather are becoming more frequent across our planet. While some regions are able to cope with their devastating effects, others struggle to survive.

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The Greenhouse Effect

Earth’s atmosphere acts like a greenhouse, deflecting the fiercest of the Sun’s rays while retaining heat that would otherwise escape at night. This is known as the greenhouse effect and it’s a process that’s essential to life on Earth.

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Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus transformed biology with his classification system, simplifying how plants and animals are named and grouped.

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Eleanor Roosevelt

Eleanor Roosevelt is known as being the longest serving First Lady in all of American history. She spent her life working to further social causes, from women voting to universal human rights.

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NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, aka NASA, has been at the forefront of science, technology, and space exploration since 1958. Its work remains an inspiration to millions of people around the world.

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Fossil Fuels: Part Two

For centuries, humans have relied on fossil fuels to power our world. Oil and gas are hydrocarbons that have helped fuel our modern way of living, but burning them has a devastating impact on the natural world.

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By monitoring changes in C02 levels over thousands of years, scientists know that Earth’s temperature is rising. The biggest cause of global warming? Our reliance on harmful fossil fuels.

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Discover the science behind Solstices, the longest and shortest days of the year, and how Earth's tilt plays a crucial role in this phenomenon.

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Twice a year, the Earth experiences an equinox – a remarkable cosmic event where day and night are of equal length, all over the world.

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Mildred Cohn: Trailblazing Biochemist

Mildred Cohn shattered gender and religious barriers to revolutionize biochemistry, developing techniques with far-reaching applications in medicine and agriculture.

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What are Distance-time and Speed-time Graphs?

How do Distance-time and Speed-time graphs work? This video explains.

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What Experiments Measure Density?

Measuring density is helpful in all walks of life. How do we do it and what are the calculations?

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What is the Principle of Moments?

What is a moment and what is its principles? This film explores how the principle of moments applies to a beam’s movement around a pivot.

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What is a Converging Lens and How Does it Work?

This film explains how converging lenses work and their applications.

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How are Objects Charged by Friction?

Friction charges objects by rubbing electrons from one object onto another, leaving one object positive and the other negative.

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How Does the Earth Orbit the Sun?

We explore how day and night and the seasons are created by the Earth’s orbit, and of how the phases of the moon are created by the moon’s orbit around the Earth.

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How is Magnification Calculated?

From microscopes to cameras, how do we calculate magnification, and why is it important?

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What is an Enzyme?

Enzymes are essential for life, and understanding how they catalyze reactions in the body will book your understanding of how our bodies work.

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Methods of Charging (IB)

An outline of three ways electric charge can be moved between objects, including mention of how non-conducting objects can become charged.

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How is Iron Produced in a Furnace?

Have a blast in understanding how iron is produced in a furnace.

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Mitosis Compared to Meiosis (IB)

An outline of mitosis and meiosis forms of cell division: comparing the similarities and differences between them, and outlining their function in organisms.

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Conservation of Angular Momentum (IB)

An outline of the basic principle of conservation of angular momentum, illustrating the inverse relationship between angular velocity and moment of inertia, with real-world examples.

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How are Magnets Made?

This is an attractive film. How are magnets created manually or via an electric current.

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Irish aristocrat Robert Boyle fundamentally changed chemistry with his air pump experiments, leading to the formulation of Boyle's Law on gas behavior.

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Marco Polo left his home as a young man in 1271, setting off on a voyage that took him to the heart of the Chinese Empire, and through many Asian countries. The book he wrote about his travels influenced Europeans' understanding of the world.

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Alfred Nobel invented a better way to blow things up and became a successful industrialist. But he believed in peace and progress, and so he set up the world’s most important awards for achievement to humankind.

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Born as a Frankish prince in a fragmented Europe, Charlemagne unified France and served as the Pope’s protector - gaining the title of Holy Roman Emperor.

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The Silk Road, established around 130 BCE, was a crucial ancient trade network connecting East to West. It enabled the exchange of commodities, such as silk, alongside ideas and cultural practices between empires.

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Wilhelm Röntgen

Wilhelm Röntgen's accidental discovery of X-rays changed the future of medicine. Follow his journey from engineering student to Nobel Prize-winning physicist in this fascinating story.

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Transport of Oxygen by Haemoglobin (IB)

A detailed look at how haemoglobin transports oxygen with analysis of the oxygen dissociation curve.

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Resonance and Damping (IB)

An outline of natural frequencies, driving frequencies, the nature of resonance, and damping forces, with real-world examples.

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Collisions in Two Dimensions (IB)

A guide to understanding and applying the conservation of momentum, during collisions when the motion of the colliding bodies is not restricted to one dimension.

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Stellar Parallax (IB)

An explanation of how the stellar parallax method can be used to calculate distances to stars, including the limitations of this method.

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Compton Effect (IB)

A visual outline of the Compton Effect experiment, in which photons are scattered by electrons they hit. Includes context on what evidence this provides regarding the wave or particle nature of light.

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What invisible enemy did George Washington help defeat?

The American Revolution wasn’t just a fight against the British but also a much smaller and more deadly foe: smallpox. So how did Continental Army Commander George Washington help defeat it? David Rubenstein answers that question in a fact-filled history minute.

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How are Relays Used in Circuits?

We explore how relays are used in circuits, how LDRs and thermistors could be used in such circuits, and how these components can be recognised.

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What is Echolocation/Sonar?

This film explores how echolocation/sonar works, in technology and in animals. This film explores how echolocation/sonar works, in technology and in animals. This film explores how echolocation/sonar works.....

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What is the Diffusion of Molecules?

The diffusion of molecules is crucial for life. We delve into the science of how diffusion occurs and what affects it.

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How Does a Hydraulic System Work?

Take a break. Hydraulics help us in all areas of life. We explore how pressure is harnessed to stop a car and what the calculations are.

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What is the Life Cycle of a Star?

This film explores the lifecycle of a star.

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How are Empirical and Molecular Formulas Calculated?

This film explains how to calculate empirical and molecular formulae.

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What is Paper Chromatography?

Paper chromatography is a way of identifying and separating compounds into different chemicals, based on how far each chemical travels up some filter paper dipped in solvent.

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What Tests Can Detect the Presence of Certain Gases?

How do we test for different gases? This short film shows how.

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What is the Carbon Cycle?

What is the carbon cycle and how are humans changing it?

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What is Photosynthesis?

Plants are essential for life on Earth by utilising photosynthesis. What is it, and what does it produce?

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Alexander Fleming

Alexander Fleming, a Scottish bacteriologist, discovered penicillin in 1928. This breakthrough antibiotic saved millions of lives and improved medical treatments for infections and diseases.

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Lawyer turned politician turned scientist, Francis Bacon challenged traditional thought and influenced the founding of the Royal Society, advancing scientific practice.

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Michael Faraday

English self-taught scientist Michael Faraday revolutionized the world with his discoveries in electromagnetism. He invented the first electric motor, transformer, and generator, laying the foundation for modern electricity.

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Burning the Forests

Trees and forests are known as the lungs of the Earth – because they absorb and store carbon. But when they’re burned or cut down, the C02 they release contributes to global warming.

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Our Carbon Culture

For centuries, humans have relied on fossil fuels to power our world. Coal fuelled the Industrial Revolution but has also had a devastating impact on people and the natural environment. Let’s dig a little deeper into our use of coal.

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Henrietta Lacks' Revolutionary HeLa Cells

The astonishing story of Henrietta Lacks' immortal cells, taken without consent, revolutionized medical research but also exposed ethical dilemmas, leading to crucial changes in consent laws to protect patients' rights in the scientific community.

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Viruses and the Lysogenic Cycle (IB)

An outline of the lytic and lysogenic cycles, using bacterial cells and the viruses which infect them as a visual example. Additional reference to the Herpes simplex virus as an animal example.

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Evolution by Natural Selection (IB)

A visual outline of the core process of evolution by natural selection, emphasising that adaptation takes place over generations, from heritable variation.

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Muscle Contraction (IB)

The structure of skeletal muscles and a detailed look at the sliding ﬁlament mechanism of muscle contraction.

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Immune Response (IB)

An outline of the human response to infection, giving an overview of the adaptive immune response which includes B and T cells, antibody production and vaccination.

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Thermal Conduction (IB)

A visual explanation of the factors which affect the rate of thermal energy transfer by conduction.

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Motion of Charged Particles in a Uniform Magnetic Field (IB)

A visual explanation of the path of charged particles in a uniform magnetic field, according to their charge and their angle of entry into the magnetic field. Includes how to calculate the radius of the particle’s path.

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What is the Structure of the Atom?

Atoms are composed of a central nucleus, containing positively-charged protons and neutrally-charged neutrons. Smaller, negatively-charged electrons travel around the nucleus in layered orbits called shells.

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How do Two Gases Diffuse?

The diffusion of molecules is crucial for life. So what affects the diffusion of molecules and what cause gases to diffuse at different speeds?

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Chromatography (IB)

An outline of how chromatography is used to separate the components of a substance based on each component’s intermolecular interactions with the materials it is moving through. Includes guidance on how to calculate each substance’s signature retardation factor.

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What is Synaptic Transmission

Have you got the nerve to explore synaptic transmission?

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How Does the Greenhouse Effect Work?

Things are heating up. We explore how the greenhouse effect works, including causing global warming, climate change and consequent effects.

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What Happens When Metal Reacts with an Acid or Water?

This film explores how metals react with water, acids and oxygen, in terms of the reactivity series.

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What are the Trends in the Periodic Table?

A short guide to the Periodic Table.

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Hydrogen Emission Spectrum (IB)

A visual explanation of how the hydrogen emission spectrum provides evidence for the arrangement of electrons in discrete energy levels in atoms.

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How do we Test for Biological Molecules?

Practical science is always enjoyable, so how can you test for 5 key biological substances?

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What Factors Affect Reaction Rate?

What factors affecting rate of a reaction limited to temperature, concentration, pressure and surface area.

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Elizabeth Blackwell: Trailblazer for Women in Medicine

The first woman to graduate from a U.S. medical college, Elizabeth Blackwell broke through gender barriers to make history. Her remarkable story of courage and perseverance serves as a testament to the strength of the human spirit.

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Operation Paperclip

Operation Paperclip saw around 1,600 Nazi scientists recruited by U.S. intelligence to aid American innovation. As a result, none were ever held accountable for their crimes.

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Doppler Effect (IB)

A visual explanation of the Doppler Effect as it applies to sound waves.

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Translation (IB)

An outline of the process of translating DNA bases into a protein, via an mRNA codon:tRNA anti-codon mechanism forming a polypeptide chain.

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Since the 1970s, our oceans have absorbed 90% of the excess heat produced by CO2 emissions. As our oceans get hotter, and sea levels continue to rise, our world is sure to look very different in the future.

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Italian mathematician Fibonacci introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to Europe and developed the famous sequence that links mathematics to patterns in nature.

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Archimedes, a mathematical genius from ancient Greece, pioneered methods in volume measurement and designed inventions that still impact the world today.

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Karl Marx was a writer who dreamed of a classless society. After he died, his work became widely shared as a political ideology called communism - and directly influenced the Russian Revolution.

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Sigmund Freud transformed the way we think of the human mind. In his work as a doctor, who studied the mind, he invented the idea of the subconscious and tried to unlock the mysteries of dreams.

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Alan Turing, a brilliant mathematician, cracked the Enigma code in WWII saving millions of lives and laid the foundation for modern computers.

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As a young engineer Nikola Tesla became fascinated with a new form of energy. He invented one of the first induction motors and came up with alternating current - the transmission system which powers our world.

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